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Asthma is a chronic (long-term) lung disease. It affects your airways, the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. When you have asthma, your airways can become inflamed and narrowed. This can cause wheezing, coughing, and tightness in your chest. When these symptoms get worse than usual, it is called an asthma attack or flare-up.
\n\nThe exact cause of asthma is unknown. Genetics and your environment likely play a role in who gets asthma.
\n\nAn asthma attack can happen when you are exposed to an asthma trigger. An asthma trigger is something that can set off or worsen your asthma symptoms. Different triggers can cause different types of asthma:
Asthma triggers may be different for each person and can change over time.
\n\nAsthma affects people of all ages, but it often starts during childhood. Certain factors can raise your risk of having asthma:
The symptoms of asthma include:
These symptoms can range from mild to severe. You may have them every day or only once in a while.
\n\nWhen you are having an asthma attack, your symptoms get much worse. The attacks may come on gradually or suddenly. Sometimes they can be life-threatening. They are more common in people who have severe asthma. If you are having asthma attacks, you may need a change in your treatment.
\n\nYour health care provider may use many tools to diagnose asthma:
If you have asthma, you will work with your health care provider to create a treatment plan. The plan will include ways to manage your asthma symptoms and prevent asthma attacks. It will include:
If you have a severe attack and the short-term relief medicines do not work, you will need emergency care.
\n\nYour provider may adjust your treatment until asthma symptoms are controlled.
\n\nSometimes asthma is severe and cannot be controlled with other treatments. If you are an adult with uncontrolled asthma, in some cases your provider might suggest bronchial thermoplasty. This is a procedure that uses heat to shrink the smooth muscle in the lungs. Shrinking the muscle reduces your airway's ability to tighten and allows you to breathe more easily. The procedure has some risks, so it's important to discuss them with your provider.
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